RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FISH
The respiratory system of fish "breathe" by taking in oxygen dissolved in water they circulate through the gills. They are not able to live more than a few minutes out of water. To be able to live on land, they must get the system perfect lungs suddenly.
Gill-shaped thin sheets of pink and is always damp. The outer portion of the gills associated with water, while the inside is closely linked to the blood capillaries. Each sheet consists of a pair of gill filaments, and each contains many layers of thin filaments (lamela). In the filaments are blood vessels that have a lot of capillaries that allow O2 and CO2 diffuses into diffuse out.
Gills on the true bony fishes are covered by a gill cover called the operculum, whereas the cartilaginous fishes gills are not covered by operkulum.Insang not only serves as a respirator but can also function as a means of excretion of salts, filter feeders, ion exchange equipment, and osmoregulator. Some types of fish have a labyrinth which is an extension to the top of the gills and form folds that are irregular cavities. The labyrinth is responsible for maintaining the reserve 02 so fish hold on 02-deficient conditions. Examples of fish that have a labyrinth are: cork fish and catfish. To save a backup 02, in addition to the labyrinth, the fish have a swim bladder is located near the back.
The mechanism of breathing in fish through two stages, ie inspiration and expiration. In the inspiration phase, 02 of water into the gills and 02 tied by blood capillaries to be carried to tissues in need. In contrast to the expiratory phase, C02 is carried by the blood of the network will lead to the gills and the gills excreted out the body. In addition to owned by the fish, the gills are also owned by the frog tadpole phase, the outer gills. Animals that have external gills throughout life is the salamander.
Respiration tool is a tool or body part 02 can diffuse into the place and vice versa C02 can diffuse out. Tool respiration in animals varies between animals with one animal to another, there is a form of lung, gills, skin, trachea, and lungs books, even some organisms that do not have a special tool so that oxygen diffuses directly from the environment into the body, for example in single-celled animals, Porifera, and Coelenterata. In all three animals is oxygen diffuses from the environment through the body cavity.
The fish are infected will show the appearance of white spots on fins, body, gills or mouth. Each of these spots is actually a parasite individuals covered by the semi-transparent layer of tissue of fish. In the early development of these spots will not be seen with the eye. But when the parasite is eating, growing and growing, so that it can reach 0.5-1 mm, these spots can be easily identified. In severe cases some individuals can be found clustered in the same place.
A. Dolphin
Respiratory system of dolphins are also similar to humans. But the nostrils lies not in the middle of his face, but at the top of his head. Like humans, before diving, dolphins mengirup air and hold it in the lungs. As they emerged from the depths of water, a few meters before reaching the surface, they exhale strongly through their air holes.
Mammals are warm-blooded. This means that under normal conditions is always a constant body temperature, as a natural thermostat inside the body continues to regulate body temperature. But during hibernation, body temperature of small mammals such as squirrels, from the normal temperature of 40 degrees down to just above freezing point, as if governed by a key. Their metabolism is very slow. These animals are very slow breathing, and heart rate decreased from normal conditions 300 times per minute to 7-10 beats per minute. Body reflexes stop and electrical activity in the brain slows down almost undetectable.
Animal hide away for two main reasons:
1. hunt and protect themselves from predators.
2. The method differs from other methods disguise because it requires intelligence, skill, high aesthetics and harmony.
The techniques of animal camouflage is amazing. Almost impossible to identify a fish that hide in corals, or other creatures.
B. CATFISH FISH DUMBO
Elongated body shape, slightly rounded, flattened head, not scaly, have four pairs of whiskers, big mouth, the color gray to black. African catfish commonly found in swamps and rivers in Africa, especially in the lowlands to slightly brackish. This fish has a tool called abrorescent additional breathing, so as to live in low oxygen water
African catfish including carnivorous fish.
- Signs the female parent: shorter body, mempu-gammer two genital holes are round.
- Signs the male parent: the body is longer, has a fruit that looks elongated hole sex.

C. WHALES
Mammals need to breathe regularly, so water is not the right environment for them. But as marine mammals, whales overcome these problems with respiratory system that is much more efficient than most land animals. Pope exhaled air by removing 90% worn. So the pope just need to breathe once in a while. At the same time, he has concentrated substance called "myoglobin" helps store oxygen in muscle. With the help of this system, gin-back whales, for example, can dive to a depth of 500 meters and swim for 40 minutes without breathing at sekali.idak like land mammals, whales nostrils are located on its back so that it is easy to breathe.
Species of the type that can harm marine life, due to decreased dissolved oxygen species or so-called "anoxious". Daft group that is often found in Indonesia is Trichadesmium erythraeum, saIah one species of cyanobacterium. This cyanobacterium sewaktuwakm be abundant in the waters due to excessive nutrient conditions and can directly bind to the element nitrogen from the air. Examples of mass fish deaths occurred in shrimp ponds in Lampung (ADNAN 1993).
Raikroalga dangerous group which is composed of microscopic phytoplankton and three groups, namely "anoxious", poisonous and destructive respirator. Toxic group can be consumed by marine biota (fish and Invertebrates
The negative impacts on human health is to eat it. Two other groups could endanger marine life due to lack of dissolved oxygen and respiratory obstruction.