In birds, where berdifusinya respiratory gases occurs only in the lungs. The lungs are a pair of birds numbered and located in the chest cavity that is protected by the rib cage.
Respiratory pathway in birds began in the nostrils. In its place, the intake air is then passed into the narrow pharynx lying at the base that connects the pharynx and trachea. Trachea length of a pipe-shaped cartilaginous rings, and the end of the trachea branches into two parts, the right bronchus and left bronchus. In the base of the tracheal bronchus are sirink which in part contained within the folds of membrane that can vibrate. Bergetarnya membrane was any noise. Bronchial branching again into mesobronkus which is the secondary bronchi and can be differentiated into ventrobronkus (in the ventral part) and dorsobronkus (in the dorsal part). Ventrobronkus associated with dorsobronkus, by many parabronkus (100 or more).
Parabronkus a tube small tube. In many capillary empties parabronkus allowing air diffuses. In addition to lungs, birds have 8 or 9 expansion of the lung or air sac (yolk pneumatikus) which spread to the abdomen, neck, and wings. Air sac associated with the lungs and thin webbed. In the air sac breathing gas diffusion does not occur; air sac only serves as a store of reserve oxygen and relieve the body. Because of the air sac breathing in birds to be efficient. The coffers of air contained in the base of the neck (cervical), chest room front (anterior thoracic), the collarbone (korakoid), chest room rear (posterior thoracic), and in the abdominal cavity (abdominal air bag).
The function of the air bag:
- Assist breathing, especially when flying
- Keep a backup of air (oxygen)
- Increase or decrease the weight of the bird species at the time of swimming
- Prevent loss of body heat is too much
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